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If you’re showing signs or symptoms of gastrointestinal problems, including acid reflux, heartburn, nausea, bloating, cramping, constipation, diarrhea or bloody stool, your doctor may recommend a diagnostic test known as a gastrointestinal endoscopy.

What is a gastrointestinal endoscopy?

A gastrointestinal endoscopy allows your doctor to see inside your digestive tract. A flexible tube is inserted into your body through your mouth, nose or rectum. This tube has a tiny camera and light attached to one end, which allows your doctor to see inside your digestive tract and even record the test in some cases. The images of your digestive system may be viewed on a video monitor or through a connected eyepiece.

In addition to being able to see your digestive system, your doctor can also use this test for some types of treatment. Instruments can be inserted into the tube that allow a physician to take tissue samples, repair damage, or stop bleeding.

There are two basic types of gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures.

• Upper GI Endoscopy - often used to diagnose GERD, this test takes a look at the top half of your digestive system, including your esophagus and stomach. The tube for this test is inserted into your nose or mouth. Mild sedatives or pain relievers are usually used during this test.

  Read more about Upper Endoscopy

• Lower GI Endoscopy - for this test, a tube is inserted into the rectum while the patient is sedated. A lower GI endoscopy may be used to view the entire lower half of the intestinal tract (colonoscopy) or the lowest part of the bowel (sigmoidoscopy).

  Read more about Colonoscopy and Sigmoidoscopy